Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis is a neurological disease caused by protozoan parasites, leading to ataxia, muscle atrophy, and weakness.

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

This disease is life-threatening and should be treated by a veterinarian swiftly.

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease in horses caused by protozoal parasites, primarily Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi. These parasites infect the central nervous system, leading to inflammation and neurological dysfunction. Clinical signs include asymmetrical muscle atrophy, gait abnormalities, weakness, and incoordination, which can vary in severity depending on the extent of neurological damage.

Symptoms

  • Incoordination
  • Lameness
  • Abnormal gait changes
  • Stiff posture
  • Seizures
  • Fainting
  • Weakness
  • Poor balance
  • Difficulty standing
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Drooping lips
  • Drooping eyes
  • Drooping ears
  • Muscle wastage
  • Stumbling
  • Paralyzed head
  • Tilted head
  • Irritability
  • Depression

Common in

  • USA
  • Canada

Treatment

Treatment of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) typically involves a combination of antiprotozoal medications such as sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine to eliminate the parasites.

Additional therapies may include anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce neurological inflammation and supportive care to manage symptoms and improve overall health. Success of treatment can vary, and early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimizing outcomes in affected horses.

Prevention

Preventing Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) involves minimizing exposure / allowing access to opossums, which are the definitive hosts of Sarcocystis neurona, a common causative agent. Implementing measures such as securing feed and garbage storage to deter opossums, maintaining clean stabling conditions, and reducing environmental contamination with opossum feces can help mitigate the risk of infection. Regular veterinary monitoring and prompt treatment of any suspected cases can also aid in preventing the spread of EPM within equine populations.

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