Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease in horses causing blistering, crusting, and hair loss, primarily on the face, limbs, and body.

Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

Alt. Names: Pemphigus, Autoimmune Blistering Disease

Seek veterinary advice before applying any treatment.

Definition of Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of skin disease in horses. It is the most common autoimmune skin disease in the horse and is associated with the production of autoantibodies directed against surface proteins of the keratinocyte, which mediate intercellular adherence.
Normally, antibodies help fight infection and keep the horse healthy.
The exact cause of pemphigus foliaceus remains unclear, although some experts believe black flies and sensitivity to Culicoides gnats can be inciting factors.

Symptoms of Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

  • Low Appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Fever
  • Fur Loss
  • Itching
  • Skin Lesions
  • Pustules
  • Crusty Skin
  • Lethargy
  • Lameness
  • Dull

Common in

  • Appaloosa

Treatment of Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

Treatment of Pemphigus Foliaceus consists of long-term glucocorticoid administration, omega fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation, sunlight restriction, and addressing any underlying causative factors such as fly bite allergies and diet.
Horses that do not respond to these approaches might require treatment with injectable gold salts, azathioprine, and/or oral pentoxifylline. Bathing the horse in cool water might make him more comfortable.
Rarely, young horses with PF might recover on their own, but most horses will require long-term if not lifelong treatment.

Prevention of Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

 Equine Pemphigus Foliaceus is not a preventable disease.

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Pemphigus Foliaceus in Horses

Seek veterinary advice before applying any treatment.

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease in horses causing blistering, crusting, and hair loss, primarily on the face, limbs, and body.